DEM

Writing Raster Data to GeoPackage with Python

7.6.2 Raster data - Geographic data I/O | Geocomputation with Python (geocompx.org)

Raster drivers | GDAL docs (gdal.org)

with rasterio.open(
    '/tmp/new.gpkg',
    'w',
    driver='GPKG',
    height=Z.shape[0],
    width=Z.shape[1],
    count=1,
    dtype=Z.dtype,
    crs='+proj=latlong',
    transform=transform,
) as dst:
    dst.write(Z, 1)